1.
What are the three layers of the viscera?
2.
What is the serous membrane that lines the abdominal walls,
the thoracic walls? What about the serous membrane that lines the viscera in
the abdomen? The thoracic cavity?
3.
What three structures pass through the apertures in the
diaphragm?
4.
What three structures in the abdomen either support or
cushion the viscera? (Give the function of each structure -support or
cushioning.)
5.
What are the five functions of the digestive tract?
6.
What are the five types of papillae on the tongue? What do
they look like?
7.
What are the three parts of the simple tooth? What is the
interior (soft) of the tooth called, and what does it contain?
8.
Name the surfaces of the teeth.
9.
Do ruminants have canines and incisors? What do they have?
10.
What are the three types of salivary glands, and what do
they do (other than just produce saliva. ..)?
11.
If I were a piece of food in an animal with a SIMPLE
STOMACH, trace my path from mouth to anus -what structures would I pass
through? What about if the animal were a ruminant? What about a horse?
12.
Name three species with simple stomachs and three with
ruminant stomachs.
13.
Name the parts of the stomach. What do the different cells
of the stomach produce?
14.
What effect do prostaglandins have on the stomach? What
effect does cholecystokinin have on the intestines?
15.
How is it that ruminants can break down cellulose and pectin
(which animals with simple stomachs cannot)? Where do ruminants get their
protein from?
16.
What are the three parts of the small intestine (in order)?
What special structures are inside the small intestine (they increase surface
area. ..)?
17.
What are the three parts of the large intestines, and what
is the pouch at the beginning of the large intestine called? In what species is
it large, and how does it function in that species?
18.
Name the accessory organs of digestion. Which of these has
endocrine functions? What is the function of each accessory organ?
19.
Name the three substances that can pass through the mucous
membrane of the gut.
20.
How much of an animal's weight is made up of water? How much
water loss would be fatal (percent)?
21.
Name the common minerals. Which one is found in hemoglobin
of the RBC? Which is necessary for function of the thyroid gland (what happens
if the diet is deficient in this mineral- what symptoms)? Which mineral helps
make up the hair and horns of the animal?
22.
What are the fat soluble vitamins? Name the water soluble
vitamins.
23.
Suggestion: Review the function of all nutrients, vitamins,
and minerals we covered.
1.
Name the urinary organs. What are the main functions of the
urinary system?
2.
Where are the kidneys located in relationship to the
parietal peritoneum?
3.
How does the shape of bovine kidneys vary from those of
other species? What about equine kidneys?
4.
What are the parts of the kidney, and what do the cortex and
medulla contain? Suggestion: Draw a picture of the kidney, including its
arteries and veins. Trace the bloodflow through the kidney.
5.
What is the function of the l:lephron, and what are its
parts? Suggestion: Draw the nephron.
6.
How much of the plasma content (percent) is filtered through
Bowman's capsule? What specific substances are filtered out?
7.
What is absorbed in the proximal convoluted tubules?
8.
Where in the kidney (medulla/cortex) would you find the
loops of Henle? What is the concentration of urine like at their lowest ends (I
am not looking for a specific number...)?
9.
What functions take place in the collecting ducts?
10.
What are the three mechanisms by which the kidneys carry out
their role of waste elimination?
11.
What are some substances that are eliminated by the
secretion into the distal convoluted tubules? How do we take advantage of this
to treat urinary tract infections?
12.
Describe what conditions trigger and which ones inhibit
release of ADH. What happens if an animal cannot release enough or if the
collecting ducts don't respond to it? What is this disease called? What is
unusual about the urine of these animals?
13.
What effect does aldosterone have on the kidneys?
14.
What are the three steps of urination (emptying of the
bladder -not urine production)? What is another name for urination?
15.
What is the difference between the urethra of males and that
of females?
16.
What is a patent urachus?
1.
List the male genital organs.
2.
List the female genital organs.
3.
List the effects of testosterone, estrogen, and
progesterone.
4.
Name the layers of connective tissue surrounding the testes
from inside to outside.
5.
What do the Sertoli cells do?
6.
What is the importance of the acrosome to a spermatozoa?
7.
What structures are contained in the spermatic cord?
8.
What structure governs the migration of the testicle, and
where does it move from and to?
9.
What type of connective tissue is the scrotum lined with,
and what is the function of the scrotum? What muscle pulls it up against the
body?
10.
What happens to spermatozoa in the epidydimis, and what
structure moves sperm from the epidydimis to the urethra?
11.
What does the ampulla do?
12.
What species has no bulbourethral glands?
13.
In what species is the prostate the ONLY accessory
reproductive gland?
14.
What is unique about the glans penis of the dog, and what is
its function? What about the glans of the cat?
15.
What does the sigmoid flexure do in rams and boars?
16.
What are the 2 zones of the ovaries? What is found in the
cortex of the ovaries?
17.
Describe the sequence of events which leads to estrus.
18.
In what species is estrus not associated directly with
ovulation?
19.
What ligament must be broken when animals are spayed to
bring the ovaries to the incision site?
20.
Name each of the stages of the estrous cycle, and describe
what happens in each.
21.
What are the differences between polyestrous, seasonally
polyestrous, diestrous, and monoestrous animals?
22.
What occurs during meiosis (Suggestion: drawing a diagram might
help )?
23.
How many chromosomes does a primary spermatocyte have
(diploid or haploid number)? How many does a secondary spermatocyte have?
24.
What occurs during oogene~is?
25.
What symptoms will you see in an animal if her corpus luteum
persists (if she has not become pregnant)?
26.
What are the names of the placental layers surrounding the
fetus? What structures are contained in the umbilical cord?
27.
What substances are released around the time of parturition
in the dam, and what do they do?
28.
What happens during the first, second, and third stages of
parturition?
29.
How many mammary glands are in the udder of a cow? How can
spread of mastitis from one mammary gland to another be prevented in this
species?
30.
What are the milk-secreting units of the mammary gland called?
What hormones encourage the development of these units?
31.
What is colostrum? What does it contain, and why is it
important that newborns receive it?
32.
What hormone triggers milk letdown? Where is this hormone
produced, and what structure releases it?